This page is a way to organize our DNA barcoding data that is submitted to
BOLD. For more background
information about DNA barcoding see the iBOL
website, the introduction at
CBOL,
CSH's barcoding 101, and the
DNA barcoding
wikipedia page,
which includes a discussion of criticisms that are not as forthcoming on the
other websites. The focus of this work is to further the
description of the species found in Hawai'i, and
possibly other Pacific islands in the future, as broadly as possible.
Currently, this is
a combination of COI (COI-5p) and rbcL (rbcL-a) sequences generated for animal
and plant samples. This is done both in the research lab and by undergraduate
students in a genetics teaching lab.
The samples are ordered by classical ("DKPCOFGS") taxonomy and alphabetically.
A common
name (not an exhaustive list) and/or a terse discription are sometimes given
after the scientific name. Links to the corresponding BOLD page are given for
individual sample designations.
A 
symbol is a link to the taxon's
corresponding wikipedia page and a 
symbol is a
link to the encyclopedia of life page.
Some species are indicated as endemic (native to
and only found in Hawai'i),
native (native to Hawai'i but also native to areas
outside of Hawai'i—this does not mean the specific sample is from Hawai'i),
or canoe (likely originally brought to Hawai'i
by the Polynesians before Western contact—this also does not indicate the
specific samples do not also originate from later introductions). There may also
be a near threatened or
endangered designation with a link to the
species listing information.
The taxonomic hierachy below is given to help line up with the scrolling list
of individual samples.
- Eukaryota; eukaryotes (cells contain a nucleus),
- Animalia; animals, metazoa,
- Arthropoda; arthropods (jointed exoskeleton),
- Chilopoda; centipedes,
- Scolopendromorpha; tropical centipedes,
- Scolopendridae; "giant" tropical centipedes
- Insecta; insects,
- Blattodea; cockroaches,
- Blattellidae; wood cockroaches,
- Supella;
- S. longipalpa; brown-banded cockroach,
- unknown genus
- Diptera; flies,
- Culicidae; mosquitoes,
- Culex;
- C. quinquefasciatus; southern house mosquito,
- Aedes;
- A. albopictus; tiger mosquito,
- Drosophilidae
- Drosophila; fruit flies,
- D. grimshawi; , endemic
- D. hawaiiensis; endemic
- D. heteroneura; endemic, endangered
- D. melanogaster; common fruit fly,
- D. mimica; endemic
- D. silvestris; endemic
- Syrphidae; hover flies and flower flies,
- Helophilus;
- Ornidia;
- O. obesa;
- Mantodea; mantises,
- Mantidae;
- Siphonaptera; fleas,
- Pulicidae; common fleas,
- Ctenocephalides;
- C. felis; cat flea,
- Malacostraca, a class of crustaceans with predominantly 20 body segments,
- Decapoda; crabs, lobsters, shrimp, crayfish, "ten legs,"
- Xanthidae; rubble crabs,
- Leptodius,
- Chordata; chordates, animals with a dorsal nerve cord,
- Actinopterygii; ray-finned fishes,
- Perciformes; "perch-like" fish,
- Coryphaenidae; dolphinfish family,
- Coryphaena; dolphinfishes,
- C. hippurus; mahi-mahi, native,
- Scombridae; mackerel, tuna, and bonito family,
- Thunnus; true tunas,
- Aves; birds,
- Galliformes; "heavy" chicken-like ground birds,
- Phasianidae; pheasant family,
- Gallus; junglefowl,
- G. gallus; chicken, canoe,
- Mammalia; mammals,
- Artiodactyla; even-toed hoofed animals (ungulates),
- Suidae; pigs and hogs,
- Sus; pigs,
- S. scrofa; wild and domestic pig, canoe,
- Primates; humans, apes, monkeys, and prosimians,
- Hominidae; great apes,
- Homo; humans,
- H. sapiens; modern humans, canoe,
- Mollusca; molluscs,
- Gastropoda; snails and slugs,
- Pulmonata; snails and slugs with a lung,
- Veronicellidae; leatherleaf slugs,
- Veronicella,
- V. cubensis; Cuban slug,
Notes on samples with special status:
- Endangered: The Drosophila heteroneura samples used here; HIDNA051-14,
and HIDNA053-14; were provided by
Dr. Ken Kaneshiro from a stock he has maintained continuously in the lab.
These were
collected from the wild before listing as an endangered species.
- Vertebrates: All non-human vertebrate samples were originally collected or
obtained by means other than an intended use as a research sample (e.g., as a
part of normal hunting, fishing, and/or agricultural activities) and/or were
killed in ways that happened independently of research intervention (e.g., as
road-kill). HIDNA012-14, HIDNA018-14, HIDNA031-14, and HIDNA034-14 were
purchased from a store where they were sold as human food.
- Humans: The human sequence, HIDNA047-14, is from the research lab PI,
primary instructor of the teaching lab course, and maintainer of this website,
Dr. Floyd A. Reed; is already
publically available; and is used with his informed permission.