Codon Table

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The standard codon table is given below.

UUU F/Phe Phenylalanine UCU S/Ser Serine UAU Y/Tyr Tyrosine UGU C/Cys Cysteine
UUC UCC UAC UGC
UUA L/Leu Leucine UCA UAA * Ochre Stop UGA * Opal Stop
UUG UCG UAG * Amber Stop UGG W/Trp Tryptophan
CUU CCU P/Pro Proline CAU H/His Histidine CGU R/Arg Arginine
CUC CCC CAC CGC
CUA CCA CAA Q/Gln Glutamine CGA
CUG CCG CAG CGG
AUU I/Ile Isoleucine ACU T/Thr Threonine AAU N/Asn Asparagine AGU S/Ser Serine
AUC ACC AAC AGC
AUA ACA AAA K/Lys Lysine AGA R/Arg Arginine
AUG M/Met Methionine ACG AAG AGG
GUU V/Val Valine GCU A/Ala Alanine GAU D/Asp Aspartic acid GGU G/Gly Glycine
GUC GCC GAC GGC
GUA GCA GAA E/Glu Glutamic acid GGA
GUG GCG GAG GGG

Cells are colored hydrophobic (blue) to hydrophilic (red) according to the order given in Lenstra 2015 and the HTML color code gradient (inverse HSV Gradient) was generated from http://www.perbang.dk/rgbgradient/.

The codon table is not universal. However, variants are similar to the standard table with very few changes.

Bacteria and phages can use alternative tables to defend against infection or promote viral replication.

Links

https://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/bio2.0/battle_of_the_genetic_codes

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/344/6186/909

http://phenomena.nationalgeographic.com/2013/10/17/find-and-replace-across-an-entire-genome/

https://www.usnews.com/news/news/articles/2017-07-26/how-scientists-redesign-dna-codes