Mutation

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All natural variation originates from mutations. etc.

Types of Mutations

Mutation Rates

Directional Mutation Model

[math]p_g = p_{g-1} (1-\mu)[/math]

[math]p_g = p_0 (1-\mu)^g[/math]

[math]p_g = p_0 e^{-\mu g}[/math]

Reversible Mutation Model

[math]p_g = p_{g-1} (1-\mu) + (1-p_{g-1})\nu[/math]

[math]\hat{p} = \frac{\nu}{\nu+\mu}[/math]