Genetic Drift

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Alleles are sampled from a population to make up the next generation. Anytime a random sample is taken it is likely to deviate slightly from the original population. Genetic drift is evolutionary sampling error. These deviations are not biased in any single direction towards an increase or decrease in frequency of a particular allele. However, these small deviations will accumulate over several generations and ultimately alleles will be lost until only a single allele remains in the population (assuming it is not reintroduced by mutation or from another population).

Exact Binomial Probabilities

Average Loss of Heterozygosity