Probably the most important thing scientists do is write. Both in the form of original research publications, other publications, and grant applications. There are a lot of topics along these lines such as journal impact factor and H index. 

The general structure of a primary research publication is
  * [[Title]]
  * [[Authors]]
  * Affiliation
  * [[Abstract]]
  * Introduction
  * Materials and Methods
  * Results
  * Discussion
  * References
  * Appendices or Supplementary Materials

This includes
  * Citations
  * Figures
  * Tables