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abstract [2019/11/03 01:07] floyd |
abstract [2019/11/03 03:36] floyd |
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A good abstract is a clear summary of the article. A bad abstract is not clear, overly terse (rare) or overly wordy, or even misleading. | A good abstract is a clear summary of the article. A bad abstract is not clear, overly terse (rare) or overly wordy, or even misleading. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Nature gives detailed guidelines for how to write a well crafted abstract. See their guide for an annotated abstract (https:// | ||
+ | - "One or two sentences providing a **basic introduction** to the field, comprehensible to a scientist in any discipline." | ||
+ | - "Two to three sentences of **more detailed background**, | ||
+ | - "One sentence clearly stating the **general problem** being addressed by this particular study." | ||
+ | - "One sentence summarizing the main result (with the words “**here we | ||
+ | show**” or their equivalent)." | ||
+ | - "Two or three sentences explaining what the **main result** reveals in direct comparison to what was thought to be the case previously, or how the main result adds to previous knowledge." | ||
+ | - "One or two sentences to put the results into a more **general context**." | ||
+ | - "Two or three sentences to provide a **broader perspective**, | ||
+ | In essence you start with a broad introduction, | ||
A misleading example is "The health effects of a Roundup-tolerant genetically modified maize [...] were studied 2 years in rats. In females, all treated groups died 2–3 times more than controls, and more rapidly. This difference was visible in 3 male groups fed GMOs. [...] Females developed large mammary tumors almost always more often than and before controls, [...] Males presented 4 times more large palpable tumors than controls which occurred up to 600 days earlier. Biochemistry data confirmed very significant kidney chronic deficiencies; | A misleading example is "The health effects of a Roundup-tolerant genetically modified maize [...] were studied 2 years in rats. In females, all treated groups died 2–3 times more than controls, and more rapidly. This difference was visible in 3 male groups fed GMOs. [...] Females developed large mammary tumors almost always more often than and before controls, [...] Males presented 4 times more large palpable tumors than controls which occurred up to 600 days earlier. Biochemistry data confirmed very significant kidney chronic deficiencies; | ||
The results presented in the paper did not support these statements in the abstract. | The results presented in the paper did not support these statements in the abstract. |